Solar panel | Solar array are instruments that convert sunlight to electricity using solar cells. These are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that collects sunlight to generate heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the UK known for its abundant cultural traditions, notable attractions, and bustling cities like the capital. It boasts a mixed scenery of rolling hills, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine history with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the natural illumination emitted by the star, crucial for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of power resulting from the flow of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives countless devices and networks, enabling contemporary living and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way flow of electric charge, generally produced by cell packs, power supplies, and solar cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that holds chemical energy and changes it into electric power to operate various electronic gadgets. It comprises multiple galvanic units, each containing electrode pairs divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green energy option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use and utility connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and guaranteeing secure, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, generally used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that controls the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to measure the extent, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, climate gauges, and manometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They offer a sustainable and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This power is then sent wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy independence and effectiveness. These systems typically utilize batteries to provide backup power, reduce energy expenses, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels documents the progress and innovations in photovoltaic technology from the initial discovery of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-performance solar panels. It showcases major innovations, including the development of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have greatly improved power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born scientist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the groundwork for grasping how light interacts with particular substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US innovator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious innovative entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its key role in the production of electronics and solar cells. It is a hard, brittle crystal material with a blue-grey shine, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact device installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach increases system efficiency, facilitates improved performance monitoring, and improves energy yield in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that transforms sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in solar arrays to offer a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a basic particle that represents a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It has a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the basic foundation behind solar panel systems, facilitating the utilization of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, fixtures, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the velocity at which electrical energy is conveyed by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a unit of energy transfer rate in the SI system, showing the measure of energy movement or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the work per single charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the derived unit of voltage, voltage difference, and EMF in the metric system. It measures the potential energy per unit charge between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is essential for supplying electronic devices and allowing the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the measure of electric current in the SI units, represented by A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and power of power systems to maintain secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for recharging and supplying a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) from sources like cells or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It enables the operation of standard electrical devices in environments where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as a collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically align the position of solar panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, optimizing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power gathering by keeping best panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the energy production of photovoltaic systems by constantly tuning the performance point to match the optimal power point of the solar panels. This procedure provides the most efficient energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that observes and examines the effectiveness of solar power systems in live, delivering valuable data on power output and system health. It aids maximize solar power output by spotting issues ahead of time and ensuring highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless small silicon lattice structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its production involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline type fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a single crystal arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its homogeneous formation allows for improved electron flow, resulting in better performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a kind of film solar system that offers a economical and efficient option for extensive solar energy production. They are recognized for their great absorption efficiency and comparatively affordable manufacturing fees in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices that utilize a multi-layered compound of Cu, indium, Ga, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their high absorption performance, bendability, and possibility for compact, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered atomic configuration, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its affordability and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic panels aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and pioneering techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are advanced photovoltaic modules that utilize several p-n junctions layered together to absorb a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, substantially enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly applied in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that transform solar radiation into electrical energy to power onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This technology is perfect for massive solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, providing a affordable approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a portable, cost-effective alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in various technological uses. These layers are crucial in electronics, optics, and films for their special physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a layer of material spanning a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in depth, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in various industries, including electronics, optical technologies, and medicine, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are precision devices used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or widths, typically in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a slender, round section of silicon crystal used as the platform for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the fabrication of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar units famous for their superior output and flexibility, perfect for various uses. They use a stratified semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight immediately into electrical energy with outstanding efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into power using PV cells, providing a sustainable energy source for household, commercial, and grid applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that utilize carbon-based molecules, to transform sunlight into electricity. They are easy to handle, flexible, and offer the potential for cost-effective, broad solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor compound used in thin-film solar modules due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its superior optical-electronic properties make it an desirable substitute for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, building exteriors, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations overview various massive solar energy installations around the world, showcasing their capacities and sites. These facilities serve a crucial role in green energy generation and global efforts to cut carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale systems that turn sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are essential in renewable energy generation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable option to non-renewable energy sources, reducing ecological footprint and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as bituminous coal, oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the primary energy sources for electrical energy and mobility but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as Pb, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how well a solar panel transforms sunlight into usable electrical electricity. Improving this efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that light energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This expansion is changing the international energy scene by boosting the portion of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear component that bending light to focus or separate rays, creating images. It is frequently used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It enhances the crispness and illumination of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes counteract each other, causing a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant waveform. This event generally happens when these waves are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, commonly employed in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally throughout its cycle, allowing efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a miniature device used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It boosts system performance by maximizing power output at the module level and eases setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the voltage and electric flow cyclically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical plug used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that guarantee a firm and dependable connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international safety validation agency that assesses and certifies products to ensure they adhere to specific safety standards. It supports consumers and firms recognize dependable and protected products through rigorous review and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the identical electric current passes through all components, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate separately, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that permits current to pass in a single way only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, intended to deliver electrical power for different devices and accessories inside of a automobile. It allows users to charge electronic gadgets or operate small devices while on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral hardware to computing systems, allowing information exchange and electric power. It backs a broad spectrum of hardware such as keyboards, pointer devices, external drives, and cell phones, with multiple versions delivering faster speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy production and making solar power economical and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio waves to gamma radiation, all possessing different lengths and power. This spectrum is essential for many technologies and the natural world, enabling signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It has a important role in processes like vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on shades of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to quantify the intensity of energy or power received or emitted over a specific area, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the dispersion and conveyance of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to depict the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a large body of air with fairly consistent thermal and humidity characteristics, deriving from from specific origin zones. These air masses impact climate trends and atmospheric situations as they move across diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the intensity per square meter received from the solar source in the form of solar rays. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, impacting weather patterns and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar power refers to the accumulation of dust, and other particles on the panels of solar arrays, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and care are important to limit energy loss and ensure optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It creates a significant safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the peak power output of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the module's peak potential to generate electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to check the voltage between two locations in a electrical system. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power output and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid element essential for plant growth and applied in multiple industrial applications, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical properties that render it valuable in producing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant captures sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined method of utilizing land for both solar energy output and agriculture, optimizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides shade while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of multiple solar modules designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to deliver clean, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that delivers shade and shelter from the elements for al fresco areas. It enhances the usability and look of a patio, making it a comfortable zone for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an viewer to a point of interest. It is frequently used in routing, surveying, and celestial observation to specify the orientation of an object in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It demonstrates excellent optical characteristics, making it a popular option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to assess big power generation output and utilization. It is commonly associated with generating stations, national grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a international leader in solar PV energy solutions, expert in producing thin film solar cells that offer high efficiency and low-cost power output. The organization is focused on eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly connecting various components of industrial and automated systems to enhance productivity and reliability. It concentrates on creating innovative solutions that promote seamless communication and interoperability among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a top Chinese-based company specializing in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion W, often employed to indicate the potential of massive electricity generation or usage. It highlights the immense energy magnitude involved in contemporary power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the concept where the unit cost reduces as overall production rises, due to gaining knowledge and optimization obtained over time. This effect highlights the significance of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This method is a clean, sustainable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy sources are economically competitive with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a network of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the solar radiation using solar cells to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It is a sustainable, renewable, and eco-conscious energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, business, and industrial settings to produce green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered items features a selection of gadgets that harness sunlight to convert energy, encouraging green and sustainable living. These products include ranging from solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, providing versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a installation that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses and mirrors to focus solar radiation onto highly efficient photovoltaic cells, significantly enhancing energy capture from less space. This technology works well in areas with intense, direct sunlight and provides a viable solution to reducing expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |