Solar panel | Solar panel are components that transform sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, generally used for hot water production or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for water heating systems, space heating, or electricity production. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its abundant cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and lively urban areas like London. It boasts a diverse scenery of rolling hills, ancient castles, and busy metropolitan areas that mix history with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the natural illumination emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it provides energy for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of power resulting from the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives numerous appliances and infrastructures, facilitating modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way movement of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power supplies, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into current to power various electronic devices. It includes several galvanic cells, each containing anode and cathode divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into AC appropriate for domestic use and grid connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and ensuring safe, dependable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, typically used in home and commercial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that controls the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It provides optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a instrument used to ascertain the dimension, amount, or degree of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale installations that capture sunlight to generate electricity using many solar panels. They provide a sustainable and renewable energy power, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess power generated from renewable energy or the grid for future use, improving energy independence and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to provide backup power, reduce energy costs, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels chronicles the progress and advancements in photovoltaic technology from the initial invention of the photovoltaic effect to current high-performance photovoltaic modules. It features significant innovations, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have significantly enhanced energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist famous for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the foundation for understanding how light interacts with certain media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American creator who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous innovative entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, famous for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronics and solar panels. It is a hard, breakable crystalline substance with a blue-grey metallic luster, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a compact device installed on each photovoltaic panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method increases system efficiency, allows for better performance oversight, and increases power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a device that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to supply a green and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon serves as a elementary particle that represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It serves a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic concept behind solar cell technology, enabling the harnessing of solar solar power for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, neat crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, fixtures, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power refers to the rate at which electric power is conveyed by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a measure of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, showing the speed of energy flow or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which causes the movement of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the energy per unit charge accessible to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the standard unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electricity through a conductor wire, commonly measured in amperes. It is necessary for supplying electronic devices and enabling the working of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electric charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and power of power systems to maintain secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for charging and feeding a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that transforms DC from sources like accumulators or solar panels into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the operation of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as an collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, enhancing power intake. This system improves the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by keeping best panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power output of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the working point to correspond to the optimal power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology guarantees the best performance energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and analyzes the performance of solar panel systems in real-time, providing valuable data on energy generation and system status. It assists optimize solar power generation by spotting issues early and securing maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to power homes, electronic gadgets, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless tiny silicon lattice structures, commonly used in solar modules and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline type fit for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a single lattice framework, making it very effective for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic components. Its homogeneous structure allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in superior performance compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a type of thin-film solar method that offers a economical and high-performance alternative for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are known as their great absorption capability and relatively affordable manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film photovoltaic cells that use a layered material of Cu, indium, gallium, and selenium to convert sunlight into power effectively. They are known for their excellent absorption effectiveness, bendability, and capability for compact, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered molecular structure, making it more flexible and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its affordability and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that use various p-n junctions stacked in tandem to absorb a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, substantially increasing their efficiency. These are mostly used in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that convert solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor known for its excellent electron mobility and effectiveness in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use optics or reflectors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, delivering a economical option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and bendable form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CIGS compound as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological applications. These films are crucial in electronics, light manipulation, and coverings for their special physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of compound ranging from a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision devices used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, typically in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a thin, disk-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the foundation for producing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the manufacture of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar units recognized for their high efficiency and adaptability, perfect for diverse applications. They employ a stratified semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight immediately into electrical energy with remarkable effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into power using PV cells, supplying a renewable energy source for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that use carbon-based molecules, to convert sunlight into electric power. They are lightweight, pliable, and offer the potential for more affordable, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a promising electronic material used in layer solar cells due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an desirable option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to spread through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a thin film to the inside or outside of cars or structures panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations overview various massive solar energy facilities around the world, showcasing their output and positions. These facilities function a important role in renewable energy production and international efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale systems that turn sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as sunlight, air currents, and water. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to non-renewable energy sources, minimizing environmental impact and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and natural gas, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the chief power sources for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process generally happens in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as Pb, Hg, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how efficiently a solar panel transforms sunlight into usable electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that light energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This growth is changing the world energy sector by raising the share of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power installations built to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through instrument that refracts light to focus or diverge rays, producing images. It is commonly used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It enhances the sharpness and illumination of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, resulting in a diminution or full disappearance of the resultant wave. This occurrence generally happens when these waves are phase-shifted by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, permitting cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a small component used to transform direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It improves system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electrical power delivered through a setup where the potential difference and current cyclically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is generally used in households and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a category of electrical connector used to deliver DC power from a power source to an device. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that provide a reliable and trustworthy attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global security validation agency that evaluates and endorses products to ensure they meet particular security requirements. It supports consumers and businesses identify dependable and secure products through strict review and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all components, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a solid-state device that allows current to move in one direction exclusively, functioning as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12V, designed to supply electrical power for various devices and add-ons inside a vehicle. It allows users to recharge electronic electronics or run small devices when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral hardware to PCs, facilitating data transmission and electric power. It supports a wide range of devices such as keyboards, pointer devices, external storage devices, and smartphones, with multiple generations providing increased speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in increasing energy generation and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio signals to gamma rays, featuring diverse lengths and energies. This band is essential for numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling data exchange, healthcare imaging, and insight into the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It has a important role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight reaching a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to calculate the magnitude of energy or power received or emitted over a specific area, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with understanding the distribution and conveyance of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is often used to describe the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of atmosphere with fairly even temperature and humidity characteristics, coming from from certain source regions. These air masses affect weather systems and atmospheric conditions as they travel over different zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the form of solar rays. It varies with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the buildup of dust, and foreign matter on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their output. Routine maintenance and maintenance are necessary to minimize energy waste and maintain best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power generation of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak ability to produce electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the potential difference between separate points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi-metal element crucial for plant development and applied in different industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical properties that cause it valuable in creating robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of utilizing land for both solar energy output and farming, optimizing space and resources. This method enhances crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, improving overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo effect and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shade while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a collection of several photovoltaic modules designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to deliver renewable, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that delivers shade and shelter from the elements for outdoor living spaces. It boosts the usability and look of a terrace, making it a cozy zone for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line between an surveyor to a destination. It is often used in routing, land measurement, and astrophysics to define the orientation of an celestial body with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits superb optical properties, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in driving solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to a billion watt, used to quantify massive electricity generation and usage. It is typically associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV energy solutions, focused on manufacturing thin-film solar cells that offer excellent efficiency and affordable energy production. The firm is dedicated to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly linking various elements of factory and automated systems to boost performance and reliability. It aims on developing innovative solutions that enable smooth communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent Chinese-based corporation focused on manufacturing and innovating solar solar goods and services. Famous for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion watts, often employed to describe the capacity of massively scaled power generation or consumption. It highlights the huge power magnitude involved in modern power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production reduces as cumulative output rises, due to learning curve and improvements gained over time. This concept highlights the importance of learned skills in cutting expenses and enhancing efficiency in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, renewable energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the price of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that sustainable energy technologies are financially viable with conventional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the standard electrical power supplied to houses and companies through a grid of power lines, offering a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the sun's rays using PV panels to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It is a green, renewable, and environmentally friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, commercial, and industrial sites to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, offering renewable energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a selection of devices that utilize sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and sustainable living. These products include covering solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor tools, offering versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a installation that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use lenses and mirrors focusing solar radiation onto advanced solar cells, considerably enhancing energy capture from a compact footprint. This method is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides a promising approach to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |